Delineation Evaluation and Variation of Debris-Covered Glaciers Based on the Multi-Source Remote Sensing Images, Take Glaciers in the Eastern Tomur Peak Region for Example

As a particular type of alpine glacier, debris-covered glaciers are essential for local water resources and glacial disaster warnings. The Eastern Tomur Peak Region (EPTR) is the most concentrated glacier in Tien Shan Mountain, China, where have not been studied detail. This paper evaluates delineation accuracy Landsat8 OLI, Sentinel-1A, GF images EPTR. Each image uses advanced method itself to minimize error inherent resolutions. results show that these delineating very high, F1 scores expressed as 96.73%, 93.55%, 95.81%, respectively. Therefore, Landsat were selected analyze area change EPTR from 2000 2022 over 5-year time scale. indicate decreased by 19.05 km2 2020, accounting 1.9% (0.08% a−1), debris increased 10.8%, which validates opinion presence inhibits melting. varied was 2010–2022, but it much less than other regions. lower ablation rate this combined effect bare ice debris. main reason increase temperature.